Juan Carlos Guerrero Medina was killed in La Vega, a town in strife-torn Cauca province, on Saturday.
The 43-year-old officer, who was the father of two children, was on duty when he was killed.
“It was a shot from a sniper,” La Vega police inspector Ciro Manzano told reporters.
The municipal government ordered a curfew in La Vega after Guerrero Medina’s killing and boosted police patrols.